In the next ten years, Vietnam will have to speed up its progress in order to achieve the target of being an industrialized country by 2020. Developing a flexible and dynamic labour market to satisfy the demands of a strongly transforming economy is also a significant policy-related issue. A developed labour market is a good solution to the many social issues, which may emerge in rural areas due to the effects of urbanization, industrialization and related events. Research on international and internal migration has claimed that migration benefits socioeconomic development. However, migration may not be the best solution to the development issues facing rural areas. To achieve sustainable development, rural areas need to build upon existing potentials - of which labour quality is one. In rural areas, agricultural production is still a major occupational activity and means of livelihood for millions. However, the actual capacity of agriculture to create new employment is pretty low. Basically, agricultural is a highly risk sector; production is tradition-based and scattered. In addition, the economic value of agricultural goods is low in comparison to many other commodities. This leads to a gap in productivity between agriculture and other more productive sectors. This disparity has led to a decrease in the members of the workforce who want to participate in agricultural production. This trend is especially noticeable amongst the young. In many provinces, particularly those that are agriculturally based, workers are mostly children and the old. This not only directly affects agricultural production but is a challenge to the implementation of rural renewal targets. To ensure the labour supply for development, many provinces make efforts, on the one hand, to keep local workers and, on the other, to draw migrants back to their hometowns. Workers working far from home are mostly trained, experienced and skilled. However, they do not consider the possibility of returning to their original residences as viable because the income and occupational opportunities in their home localities are not ensured. On the contrary, labour shortages have been relatively serious issues in developed industrial provinces, especially in the Southeastern region. To solve the problem of labour shortages, some provinces like Binh Duong have implemented cooperative policies on labour in cooperation with agriculture-based provinces. These cooperative policies benefit the State, labour receiving provinces, labour supplying provinces, workers themselves, and employers as well. However, the majority of supplied workers are unskilled, so the income of workers coming from the outside provinces is often lower than that of local workers and their living conditions are very poor. In the case of Binh Duong this reality has been leading to extreme fluctuations in the number of labourers. 3 Results from the LFS 2009 survey reveal a trend of underemployment and low productivity in the rural Vietnamese workforce. Policies on vocational training and employment creation are available, but their implementation cannot be successful if they are placed into an imbalanced socioeconomic context. On the other hand, localities demonstrate the need for the implementation of these policies immediately.